UDC 661.183.2: 631.453: 631.6.02
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2025.55.56.003
Startsev V.I., Budynkov N.I.
Since soil has been and remains the main means of production in crop production, the agro-industrial complex's task is to preserve its health and improve fertility in every possible way. Long-term research by the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution VNIIF on the adsorbing properties of activated carbon created by JSC ENPO Neorganika has shown that the most effective method of restoring a safe level of soil productivity, with increasing production intensity, is carbon adsorption detoxification of residual amounts of pesticides and phytotoxins of the microbiota. When solving the problems of greening agro-industrial production of agricultural products, the use of activated carbons in crop cultivation technologies has such advantages as: selectivity of sorption of ecotoxicants, versatility of sorption properties, high absorption capacity, hydrophobicity, convenient formulation when used, low cost. Despite the urgency of the problem and the widespread use of activated carbons in various fields of human activity, carbon adsorbents for soil detoxification have not been produced until recently. Therefore, at first, the requirements for the porous structure and preparative forms of activated carbons for this purpose (agrosorbents), as well as the technology of their introduction into the soil, were theoretically justified. As a result of the analysis of numerous studies, it was found that agricultural sorbents should have a micropore volume of at least 0.2-0.3 cm3/g with a significant development of thin pores (0.8-1.2 nm), which make it possible to firmly retain both the molecules of the pesticides themselves and their degradation products, as well as the metabolites of the phytotoxic microbiota. At the same time, the transport porosity must also be well developed to ensure the free movement of nutrients to the root system of plants. In seeds with reduced germination, a significant excess of field germination over laboratory germination was noted due to detoxification of waste products of internal and external phytopathogenic microbiota. The term «carbon effect» is proposed for this phenomenon.
Key words: adsorption,soil pollution, herbicides, activated carbon, soil detoxification, germination, seeds
Startsev V.I., DSci. (Agr.), deputy director, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology. E-mail: vssort@mail.ru
Budynkov N.I., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), head of department of agricultural microorganisms. Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology
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For citing: Startsev V.I., Budynkov N.I. Using activated carbon to detoxify soils in agrobiocenoses. Potato and vegetables. 2025. No8. Pp. 36-40. https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2025.55.56.003 (In Russ.).
