UDC 635–153:631.53.043
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2025.77.16.005
Yanchenko A.V., Azopkov M.I., Golubovich V.S.,Yanchenko E.V.
The article presents the results of research on the refinement of tomato, dill and melon seeds on a vertical air separator. It has been found that the process significantly increases the germination energy and germination of seeds due to the effective removal of lightweight, underdeveloped seeds. The germination rate of tomato seeds increased by 6-10%, dill by 6-10% (with an increase in germination energy by 17-28%), melon by 7-13%. Optimal processing modes were determined and coefficients for adjusting the cost of seeds were developed, taking into account waste losses (from 18.4% to 27.9% for tomatoes, from 7.9% to 15.5% for dill, from 10.9% to 25.5% for melons). The effectiveness of an air separator in separating seeds by size and weight is shown, which makes it possible to isolate high-quality seed material. The results of studies demonstrate the high efficiency of the vertical air separator in the process of refining seeds of various crops (tomatoes, dill and melon). The main advantage of this equipment lies in its ability to effectively separate seeds by size and weight, which makes it possible to isolate high-quality seed material and separate light-weight impurities and less developed seeds. At the same time, the quality of the resulting seed is crucial for its competitiveness in the market. Seeds with high germination, germination energy and purity ensure the formation of stronger plants that use available resources more efficiently, suppress weeds better, and show increased resistance to stress factors, which ultimately contributes to higher yields and increased economic efficiency of production. The experimental results have proven the effectiveness of an air separator, which makes it possible to isolate high-quality seed material, separating lightweight and less developed seeds. An important practical result of the research was the development of a methodology for adjusting the cost of seeds, taking into account waste losses. This approach allows you to accurately determine the real cost of the final seed material, take into account the cost of seeds removed during processing, ensure an objective economic calculation when planning production and optimize the cost of seed processes, which together is an effective tool for the production of high-quality seed material.
Key words: vegetable crops, seeds, pre-sowing preparation, seed quality, germination.
Yanchenko A.V., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), head of laboratory of the physiological foundations of seed science of vegetable crops of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Educational Institution Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing (FSBSI FSCV). E-mail: laboratoria2008@yandex.ru
Azopkov M.I., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), senior research fellow, All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – a branch of FSCV (ARRIVG – a branch of FSCV). E-mail: max.az62@yandex.ru
Golubovich V.S., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), senior research fellow, ARRIVG – a branch of FSCV. E-mail: ded44@yandex.ru
Yanchenko E.V., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), leading research fellow, ARRIVG – a branch of FSCV. E-mail: elena_0881@mail.ru
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For citing: Yanchenko A.V., Azopkov M.I., Golubovich V.S., Yanchenko E.V. Refinement of vegetable seeds on an air separator. Potato and vegetables. 2025. No2. Pp. 56-60. https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2025.77.16.005 (In Russ.).
