UDC 635.51:631.55
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2020.94.74.004
Romanovskii N.V., Irkov I.I., Geletei I.I.
The profitability of crop production depends on technological expenses. The harvesting process accounts for the most of expenses in case of the open-field vegetable crops production. Those expenses range from 78–98.0% of the total production costs. Small-scale farms of various ownership forms appeared on the market of vegetable producers, their financial capabilities are limited, therefore, vegetables are being harvested manually or with the use of partial mechanization. The aim of this work is to develop an effective technology for harvesting table root crops that requires the lowest production costs for small farms. The article suggests the use of the root-harvesting machine EM-11-1 [7], developed by the IEEP – branch of FSAC VIM, in the digger mode. In a modified machine, the device consists of a ledged conveyor installed instead of the unloading elevator and an adjustable tray. The conveyor remains in the transport position, its drive might be switched off, The harvested root crops with the removed tops from the longitudinal conveyor are discharged through the tray to the field surface in a roll aside the unit passage. Afterwards workers collect and pack root crops. The position of the tray is adjustable from the operator's seat, so there is the possibility of doubling the rolls. This does not interfere with subsequent passes of the machine, makes it possible to form root crop rolls regardless if they have been collected or not and allows to increase the amount of collection work of root crops. An economic audit of the separate technology for harvesting beetroot was carried out in 2018 at the “Geletey I.I.” farm in the Borovichevsky district of the Novgorod region, in 2019 at the Berezovoye LLC in the Vsevolozhsk district of the Leningrad region. It was established that it is possible for the digger to prepare the field for harvesting in advance, its productivity is 2.0–2.5 times higher than that of the EM-11 machine. The device at least halves harvesting labor costs, compared to manual harvesting technology and direct costs (depending on the packaging used) by 140.0-220.0 r / t.
Key words: small farms, harvesting, table root crops, root harvesting machine, rolls, doubling of rolls, labor costs, technology efficiency
Romanovskii N.V., research fellow, Institute of agrarian engineering and ecological problems of agriculturally production. Tel.: (921) 980-09-89. E-mail: Nvromanovsky@yandex.ru
Irkov I.I., Cand. Sci. (Agr). leading research fellow, ARRIVG-branch of FSBSI Federal Scientific Centre of Vegetable Growing. Tel. (910) 493-07-76. E-mail: irkov@yandex.ru
Geletei I.I., head of peasant farm «Geletei I.I.». Tel. (921)022-85-52. E-mail: ivan-geletey@rambler.ru
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For citing: Romanovskii N.V., Irkov I.I., Geletei I.I. The results of the root crops separate harvesting study for small farms. Potato and vegetables. 2020. No.4. Pp. 18-20. https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2020.94.74.004 (In Russ.)
