UDC 631.362
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2023.39.10.005
Yanchenko A.V., Azopkov M.I., Golubovich V.S., Yanchenko E.V.
Air-sieve machines play a key role in the seed cleaning process. They separate most of the light impurities, fine litter and low-quality seeds. After cleaning on the grates, the seed heap is processed by a vertical air flow in the channel after sieve cleaning. This channel removes some of the light impurities. The technological process of cleaning the seed pile can be equipped with additional seed refinement devices, such as pneumatic stands and air separators. This improves the separation of light and heavy impurities, ensuring a high quality of seed cleaning, corresponding to GOST for each crop. Vertical air separator is used to separate different materials based on their density and size. It works by feeding the material in the form of a mixture with air through an air duct system. The heavier seeds settle down, while the lighter particles are carried away by the airflow. Vertical air separators have high separation efficiency, low energy consumption, simplicity of design and maintenance, as well as compactness and low weight. Tomato and eggplant seeds were refined on a prototype of an air separator developed at the FSBSI FSVC at various settings of the air flow rate. It was found that the refinement of tomato and eggplant seeds on an air separator increases the germination energy and germination of seeds by removing lightweight underdeveloped seeds from the seed pile. The germination of watermelon seeds from refinement increased by 2-5% to the initial germination, depending on the choice of the air flow mode and air velocity. Efiopka melon seeds – by 5-10%, cucumber F1 Forsazh – by 4-9%, sweet pepper F1 Imperator – by 3%. An increase in the air flow velocity in the burrow contributes to an increase in the removal of lightweight seeds with the air flow. The air separator separates the seeds according to their size and weight. This helps to separate the good seeds from the bad ones and remove other light impurities.
Key words: vegetable crops, seeds, pre-sowing preparation, sowing qualities of seeds, germination.
Yanchenko A.V., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), head of laboratory of physiological basics of seed knowledge of vegetable crops. E-mail: laboratoria2008@yandex.ru
Azopkov M.I., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), leading research fellow. E-mail: max.az62@yandex.ru
Golubovich V.S., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), senior research fellow. E-mail: ded44@yandex.ru
Yanchenko E.V., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), leading research fellow
All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – a branch of FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center
- Substantiation of the schematic diagram of the air-sieve seed separator. A.P. Tarasenko, V.I. Orobinsky, A.M. Gievsky, D.S. Tarabrin, M.S. Annenkov. Bulletin of the Voronezh State Agrarian University. 2017. No4(55). Pp. 95–102 (In Russ.).
- Burkov A.I., Glushkov A.L., Lazykin V.A. Calculation of the trajectory of particles in the pneumatic sorting channel by various methods. Agrarian science of the Euro-North-East. 2020. Vol.21. No1. Pp. 62–70 (In Russ.).
- Drincha V.M., Filatov A.S. Substantiation of the parameters of a pneumatic separator with a horizontal air duct. Bulletin of the Voronezh State Agrarian University. 2021. Vol.14. No1(68). Pp. 18–26 (In Russ.).
- Kurchev S.V., Kolodiy A.S. Results of a study of the rational dimensions of the vertical aspiration channel of the agricultural seed separator. Mechanization of agricultural production. Bulletin of the KHNTUSG named after P. Vasilenko. Kharkiv. KHNTUSG. 2014. Issue 148. Vol.1. Pp. 56–63 (In Russ.).
- Akhramenko V.A., Pavlov L.V. Results of studies of the air flow velocity in the separator working chamber. Innovative technologies in agriculture. Collection of articles of the All-Russian NPC. Penza. RIO PGSHA. 2013. Pp.31–33 (In Russ.).
For citing: Elaboration of air separator for vegetable seeds. A.V. Yanchenko, M.I. Azopkov, V.S. Golubovich, E.V. Yanchenko. Potato and vegetables. 2023. No10. Pp. 37-40. https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2023.39.10.005 (In Russ.).
