UDC 632.2:7
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2019.23.44.011
K.A. Perevertin, V.I. Leunov, R.A. Bagrov, T.A. Vasilyev
The phenomenon of Columbian exchange which began about 500 years ago, is far from over, as it is evidenced by the epiphytosis occurring in Eurasia, caused by harmful organisms of American origin. The aim of the study is to analyze the patterns of Intercontinental invasions of harmful organisms, including the South American tomato moth. The studies used standard methods of monitoring phytophagous insects, the method of approximation according to experimental data of the ontogenesis of moth stages depending on the temperature in vegetation and climatic cabinets. Information on the distribution of the South American tomato moth in the Old World is presented, theoretical aspects of the development of Intercontinental invasions are discussed, the phases of the evolution of the host-parasite relationship (background, latent, intensive, the phenomenon of Intercontinental stress-bioinvasion) are highlighted. Examples of Intercontinental bioinvasions of harmful organisms determining socially significant epiphytotic consequences (outbreaks of mass reproduction/development) are given. Thermic aspects of the ontogenesis of tomato leaf miner moth are presented. On the basis of experimental data, a mathematical model of Tuta absoluta ontogenesis as a function of temperature is constructed. Application of the model for estimated forecasts of pest thermal adaptation using data from weather stations showed the possibility of tomato moth development in the Moscow region in at least two generations. An example of the cartogram of the forecast of the number of Tuta absoluta generations for the Moscow region is given. According to the results of the evaluation modeling (using the data of district weather stations for 2017) in the zone of the greatest risk of acclimatization of the harmful organism were Kolomna and Kashira districts. The information on the lower thermal limits of acclimatization of quarantine bioinvasions objects for the Russian Federation is given. We have definited he mechanism of transatlantic bioinvasions as a “ping-pong effect”. This phenomenon of inversion multiplicity of Intercontinental bioinvasions within the framework of the Columbian exchange describes Tuta absoluta bioinvasion, a direct analogy of which is the transatlantic epiphytosis of potato globoderosis. The scheme is as follows: the transfer of the host plant from the New world to the Old world, his selective improvement, then an improved reverse transfer forms to the New world, where they marvel at the co-evolution connected with harmful organism and the transfer of already a pest in the Old world with subsequent epidemics.
Keywords: Tuta absoluta, Columbian exchange, ontogenesis, mathematical model, thermal adaptation, cartogram.
K.A. Perevertin, DSc, Parasitology Centre, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Soil Institute named after V.V. Dokuchaev. E-mail: perevertink@mail.ru
V.I. Leunov, DSc., professor, acting dean of faculty of agronomy and biotechnology, RSAU–MTAA. E-mail: vileunov@mail.ru
R.A. Bagrov, PhD, senior research fellow of laboratory of breeding and immunity of solanaceous crops, ARRIVG–branch of FCVG. E–mail: romanus81@mail.ru
T.A. Vasilyev, research fellow, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Mathematical Modeling of Soil Systems, Soil Science Institute named after V.V. Dokuchaev. E-mail: soilsystemslab@gmail.com
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For citing: Perevertin K.A., Leunov V.I., Bagrov R.A., Vasilyev T.A. The ping-pong effect of transatlantic bioinvasions (on the example of the South American tomato moth). Potato and Vegetables. 2019. No12. Pp. 20-24.
