UDC 633.49:631.526.32:631.022.3:631.445.4
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2022.54.97.005
Temereva I.V., Smirnova T.B., Stepanova T.Yu., Tolstoguzova T.T.
Potatoes belong to the number of valuable agricultural crops of high productivity with high requirements for the conditions of mineral nutrition. The purpose of the study: to obtain regulatory agrochemical characteristics for potatoes of various varieties in the conditions of application of fertilizers for their further use in the development of a fertilizer system of a particular variety. The research was carried out at the experimental field and the Department of Agrochemistry of the Omsk State Agrarian University in 2018–2020. The soil of the experimental plots is meadow-chernozem medium-sized medium-humus heavy loamy with a uniform color and a uniform addition of the humus layer, pH – 6,8. The scheme of planting potato tubers weighing 80–100 g is 70×30 cm. The area of the experimental plot is 9.6 m2, the experimental plot is 510 m2. Five varieties were studied: Alaya Zarya, Svitanok Kievskii, Kormilets, Zekura, Rozara. In the experiments in the first year of research, the recommended dose (based on long-term data of the Department of Agrochemistry) was used – N45P90 kg a. s. per ha. In subsequent years, the norm of fertilizer nutrients was adjusted to the level of N45P90, taking into account the content of the corresponding elements in the soil of a particular field (N100P30 and N40P47, respectively). Mineral fertilizers used in the laying of the experiment are carbamide (N – 46.2%), double granulated superphosphate (P2O5–43.0%). Agrochemical normative indicators have been established for various potato varieties under the conditions of application of the recommended dose of fertilizers: removal (kg/ha) of nutrients during the formation of an average yield of tubers (27.7 t/ha): N – 98.1–177.0; P2O5–35.7–52.6; K2O – 186,5–247,5; the cost of 1 kg a. s. of mineral fertilizers for the creation of 1 ton of commercial yield: N – 3,9–5,7; P2O5–1,4–1,7; K2O – 7,2–8,0; payback of 1 kg a. s. of mineral fertilizers with an increase in yield, t/ha: 0,031–0,043. Among the studied varieties are the most responsive to the introduction of mineral fertilizers of the Alaya Zarya, Svitanok Kievskii and Zekura varieties, which allows them to be recommended for wide use in production and private farming.
Key words: potatoes, variety, soil, fertilizer, nutrition, efficiency
Temereva I.V., senior lecturer, Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin (Omsk SAU). E-mail: iv.temereva@omgau.org
Smirnova T.B., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), assoc. prof., Moscow State University of Technologies and Management named after K. G. Razumovsky (First Cossack University) (MSUTM named after K.G. Razumovskiy (FCU))
Stepanova T.Y., Cand. Sci. (Econ.), assoc. prof., Omsk SAU. E-mail: tyu.stepanova@omgau.org
Tolstoguzova T.T., Cand. Sci. (Techn.), assoc. prof., MSUTM named after K.G. Razumovskiy (FCU)
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For citing: The use of fertilizers in the cultivation of potatoes of various varieties in the meadow-chernozem soil of the Omsk region. I.V. Temereva, T.B. Smirnova, T.Yu. Stepanova, T.T. Tolstoguzova. Potato and vegetables. 2022. No6. Pp. 30-33. https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2022.54.97.005 (In Russ.).
