UDC 635.621:631.526
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2023.95.54.002
Bukharov A.F.
Pumpkin is a culture of food, fodder and medicinal purposes. Pumpkin seeds and the oil obtained from them is the most valuable product, widely in demand all over the world, including for the preparation of drugs Tykveol, Tykvoprotein, Prostabin. Gymnosperms of interest for wide use are known within the species Cucurbita pepo L. The aim of this work was to study the components of seed productivity of gymnosperms and the prospects for increasing seed yield through family selection. The studies were carried out in 2016 - 2022 at the OPH Bykovo All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Center for Education. The experimental site is located in the Ramensky district of the Moscow Region in the floodplain of the Moscow River. Sowing was carried out in the first or second decade of May when the soil warmed up at a sowing depth to 9 °C. The sowing pattern is 280 x 100 cm, which corresponds to a standing density of 1785.7 plants/ha. Fruit harvesting was carried out at the onset of the first frost. The selection of seeds was carried out manually 1.5 - 2 months after harvesting. The selection population T-40 served as the initial sample for the research. The coefficient of seminification was calculated as the ratio of the average number of well-formed seeds in fruits to the number of ovules, expressed as a percentage. Commercial productivity was determined in kilograms per plant, and seed productivity was calculated respectively in grams of seeds per plant. In the first year, the best family exceeded the average value of the population from which it was selected by insemination by 25.1%, by weight of 1000 seeds by 23.4% and by seed productivity by 87.2%. The conducted studies allowed to identify trends and potential opportunities for changing the studied parameters - elements of the seed productivity of gymnosperms. The most important components of productivity are shown, the selection for which within 4 generations made it possible to increase the seed yield by 1.65 times from 450.2 to 743.0 kg/ha.
Key words: pumpkin gymnosperms, parameters, seed productivity, breeding
Bukharov A.F., D.Sci. (Agr.). Head of the Laboratory of Seed Science, ARRIVG - branch of FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. E-mail: afb56@mail.ru
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For citing: Bukharov A.F. Changes in the parameters of seed productivity of pumpkin gymnosperms in the process of reproduction and selection. Potato and vegetables. 2023. No1. Pp. 30-33. https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2023.95.54.002 (In Russ.).
