Genetic resistance of tomato to the ToBRFV virus: overcoming of known resistance genes by the pathogen and prospects for breeding

Posted on 29.09.2025 by admin
UDC 635.64:632.3
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2025.80.17.005

Gavrish S.F., Redichkina T.A., Buts A.V., Samoilenko P.A.

Tomato brown wrinkle virus ToBRFV is one of the most dangerous pathogens threatening the global tomato production. This review article presents the biological characteristics of ToBRFV, its evolutionary origin, routes of dissemination (mechanical contact, seeds, pollinators) and diagnostic methods. The genomic organization of viruses, the range of host plants, characteristic symptoms, epidemiological features are analyzed. Integrated control strategies, including phytosanitary and chemical methods, are discussed. Effective methods for disinfection of seeds and surfaces. A comparative analysis of ToBRFV with related tobamoviruses was carried out: tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), tomato mottled mosaic virus (ToMMV), revealing differences in pathogenicity, symptoms and the ability to overcome resistance genes. Particular attention is paid to breeding and genetic control strategies. The molecular mechanisms of the virus overcoming the known resistance genes Tm-1, Tm-2 and Tm-2² are analyzed in detail. Including mutations in the N82K movement protein, which allows the pathogen to bypass the immune response mediated by the Tm-2² gene. The latest scientific data on the identification and characterization of new genetic sources of resistance to ToBRFV in the genomes of wild species of the genus Solanum (S. pimpinellifolium, S. habrochaites, S. chilense, S. ochranthum), promising for use in breeding programs, are summarized. Both traditional breeding methods and modern molecular genetic approaches are considered, including modification of R genes and identification of QTL loci responsible for resistance. It is emphasized that effective and sustainable protection against ToBRFV requires an integrated approach combining strict phytosanitary measures, reliable monitoring systems based on highly sensitive diagnostic methods and the introduction into production of new tomato hybrids with long-term, preferably polygenic, resistance.

Key words: ToBRFV, tobamoviruses, spread, seed transmission, resistance genes, overcoming resistance, QTL, wild Solanum species.

Gavrish S.F., DSci (Agr.), professor, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Gavrish group of company

Redichkina T.A., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), Director of NIISOK LLC

ButsA.V., Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of Solanaceous Crops of the Crimean Breeding Center Gavrish

Samoylenko P.A. (author for correspondence), research fellow at NPO Gavrish, KubSAU applicant. E-mail: SamoilenkoPavel.A@yandex.ru

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PDF(Rus)

For citing: Genetic resistance of tomato to the ToBRFV virus: overcoming of known resistance genes by the pathogen and prospects for breeding. S.F. Gavrish, T.A. Redichkina, A.V. Buts, P.A. Samoilenko. Potato and vegetables. 2025. No6. Pp. 47-53. https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2025.80.17.005 (In Russ.).

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