New potato varieties and their cultivation by sprouts and tubers

The aim of the research was to identify promising adaptive potato varieties based on the evaluation of sprout yield and their survival rate in new early- and medium-early potato varieties when planting seed tubers of different sizes (weights), as well as the possibility of obtaining sprouts per unit area, determining yield, and the output of seed tubers when cultivated by tubers and sprouts. Field experiments were conducted under irrigated light sierozem soil conditions of the “Akmal Rajabov” farming enterprise in the Karshi district of the Kashkadarya region. The results of agrochemical soil analysis showed that the humus content in the arable layer (0–30 cm) was 0.86–0.89%, and in the sub-arable layer (30–50 cm) it was 0.72–0.75%. The total nitrogen content in the arable layer (0–30 cm) was 0.10–0.13%, phosphorus 0.20–0.25%, and potassium 2.0–2.2%. The available forms were: N-NO₃ – 9.63–9.78 mg/kg, P₂O₅ – 15.24–15.37 mg/kg, and K₂O – 190–196 mg/kg. The soil solution reaction was slightly alkaline (pH 7.1–7.3). This indicates that the soils are deficient in humus, nitrogen, and phosphorus, while the supply of exchangeable potassium is at a moderate level. The article presents the results of research on the development, study, main distinguishing morphobiological characteristics, as well as the features and potential of cultivation by sprouts and tubers of varieties included in the State Register and recommended for cultivation in farms of the Republic. It also provides the results of evaluating early potato varieties Gala, Ultraeshim, and Yangi Uzbekistan in terms of seedling yield and survival rate when cultivating seed tubers of different sizes (30–50, 50–70, and 80–100 g). In addition, data are presented on field emergence (survival rate), growth, foliage formation, duration of the vegetation period, and yield when planting seed tubers and sprouts (two per hill), as well as tubers without sprouts treated with a solution of ammophos and growth stimulants. It was found that the selected varieties provided the highest yield when planted with pre-sprouted tubers (28.6–32.6 t/ha), while planting sprouts according to the 90×20×2 cm scheme resulted in yields of 22.2–25.9 t/ha, and planting untreated seed tubers without sprouts but treated with ammophos and growth stimulants yielded 25.1–28.6 t/ha.

Key words: varieties, seed tubers, weight, sprouts, growth stimulators, seedling yield, survival rate, field emergence of tubers, yield, multiplication coefficient