UDC 635.8
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2024.79.27.002
Alekseeva K.L.
In Russia, mushroom farms grew 145.9 thousand tons of mushrooms in 2023, which is 13.3% more than in 2022. The production of exotic mushrooms is growing at a rapid pace: in 2021 - 497 tons, in 2022 - 541 tons, in 2023 - 639 tons. In recent years, 85 enterprises have opened. The industry is developing due to government support measures, including investment loans. Mainly champignons and oyster mushrooms are grown. Modern technologies allow to obtain more than 2.0 thousand tons of fresh mushrooms or 80-90 tons of dry protein per year from 1 hectare of cultivation facilities, which significantly exceeds the protein yield per unit area of other agricultural crops (wheat 0.5 t/ha, corn - 1 t/ha, soybeans - 2.4 t/ha). Russian enterprises are developing and increasing the production of domestic mycelium. Regulatory acts on the use of pesticides in mushroom growing have not been developed, mushrooms are not singled out as a separate position in the food security doctrine, but are included in vegetables. The industry is facing an acute problem of qualified personnel shortage. The aim of the study is to analyze the production of cultivated mushrooms, import substitution and prospects for the development of domestic mushroom growing. Improved production and product quality can be achieved by controlling the microclimate for mushroom cultivation, as ideal environmental conditions such as temperature, carbon dioxide, humidity, the composition of the nutrient substrate, and pH can be monitored and controlled using modern IoT-enabled technologies. New biotechnological approaches and methods will play an important role in the future use of mushroom genetic resources.
Key words: edible mushrooms, champignon, oyster mushroom, production features, technologies, breeding achievements
Alekseeva K.L., D. Sci. (Agr.), chief research fellow, head of the “Plant Protection” research direction. E-mail: alexenleon@yandex.ru
All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Centre of Vegetables (ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSCV)
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PDF(Rus)
For citing: Alekseeva K.L. Production of edible mushrooms: import substitution and development prospects. Potato and vegetables. 2024. No7. Pp. 21-25. https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2024.79.27.002 (In Russ.).
