UDC 635.1:631.52
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2022.34.14.004
Yanaeva D.A., Khovrin A.N.
The article provides an overview of the current state of radish breeding in the Russian Federation, current directions of scientific work. The main requirements for modern industrial varieties and F1 hybrids of radish from commercial radish producers are listed. A variety or F1 hybrid for open ground should have the following set of characteristics: early maturity, high yield, resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases, plasticity to different sowing dates, heat resistance and salt resistance (for southern farms), not to react to night and day temperature changes, have a high alignment in shape and size of the root crop with thickened or buried sowing. Root crops after pre-sale washing should retain their varietal color. In two-color varieties and hybrids of radish, in addition to the above features, a clear border between the white tip and the bright red-colored upper part of the root crop should be preserved, as well as resistance to hollowness. The problematic aspects in the implementation of breeding programs are highlighted, including: insufficient integration with farms, poor material equipment of laboratories, lack of express methods for studying certain economically valuable traits, as well as weak implementation of biotechnological developments in the creation of parent lines of F1 hybrids, which have their own specific scientific achievements in working with the genus Raphanus for the last decade. The real problems and disadvantages of radish seed production in the country are actualized. In turn, these problems become an urgent niche for solving the tasks set for the development of domestic seed production: the creation and support of seed companies, specialized cooperatives, training and attracting highly professional seed specialists, building a complete system of seed preparation for sale, starting from harvesting, ending with calibration and different packaging options for the needs of commercial radish producers. Especially acute at the moment is the lengthening and complication of the logistics supply chains of produced seeds of Russian varieties and hybrids.
Key words: hybrid, radish, breeding, heterosis breeding, YCMS, seed production, biotechnology.
Yanaeva D.A., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), senior research fellow of the laboratory of breeding of table root crops and onions of the Department of Breeding and seed Production, All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of the Federal Research Center of Vegetable Growing (ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC), breeder of the Poisk Agrofirm. E-mail: yandiana2003@mail.ru
Khovrin A.N., Cand. Sci. (Agr.), Associate Professor, head. of Department of Breeding and Seed Production of ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, head of the service of selection and primary seed production of the Poisk Agrofirm. E-mail: hovrin@poiskseeds.ru
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For citing: Yanaeva D.A., Khovrin A.N. Problems of radish breeding and seed production. Potato and vegetables. 2022. No11. Pp. 26-28. https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2022.34.14.004 (In Russ.).
