Mushroom fruiting when covering the substrate with a cover soil

In recent years in our country there is a positive dynamics of growth of volumes of production of edible mushrooms in the Russian Federation. Production volumes by 2020 amounted to 60 thousand tons (instead of 26 thousand tons in 2018). In 2018, the largest mushroom-growing complexes for growing mushrooms were put into operation in a number of regions of the country: in the Kaluga, Kursk, Leningrad, Tula, Penza regions, and the Republic of Tatarstan. In the world ranking of mushroom producing countries, Russia has moved from 22nd place to 14. Thanks to the introduction of the latest technology of three-phase preparation of the substrate, the intensification of the production cycle of growing fruit bodies of mushrooms has increased by 1.5 times. Loading the substrate into the growing chambers now occurs simultaneously with covering it with a covering material and adding a bio-additive. The article considers the process of fruiting a mushroom with a full production cycle on the example of a complex in the Tula region. The finished mycelium-sprouted substrate is mechanically reloaded into the growing chamber with simultaneous introduction of a nutritional Supplement based on soy meal. A nutritional Supplement with a high content of protein nitrogen is a good activator for the mycelium of the mushroom, which receives an additional resource for a powerful accelerated growth in the cover material. The layer of cover material protects the upper part of the substrate from evaporation, from water penetration into the substrate during watering, excluding the negative effect when the mycelium of the mushroom comes into contact with water. In the cover material, appropriate conditions are created for the active life of various groups of microorganisms that contribute to the formation of fruit bodies of the mushroom. The material for preparing the cover soil is peat, transitional or low-lying. Nitrogen-containing additives can significantly increase the yield of mushrooms, which in comparison with the control (without the use of additives) increases on average from 12 to 42%. At the same time, the level of profitability of production reached 82%.

Key words: mushroom, fruit bodies, fruiting, technological process, substrate preparation, cover material, mycelium subseeding, biologically active additives, growing system.