Ecological testing of table root crop varieties in the Voronezh region

A description of the results of environmental testing of carrot varieties and beetroot cultivation in the open ground of the Central Black Earth Region in the fields of the Voronezh Vegetable Experimental Station – branch of Federal Scientific Centre of Vegetable Growing (VVES – branch of FSBSI FSVC) is given. The purpose of the research is to select the most stable varieties with high yield, marketability and high quality of root crops, suitable for long-term storage, preserving these parameters under changing environmental conditions, for the considered ecological and geographical zone. Research work on the environmental testing of root crops was carried out in 2019–2020. The experimental station is located in the northern agro-climatic region of the Voronezh Region. The soil is leached chernozem, medium-humus, powerful. The experiments were laid according to generally accepted methods. The first standard of table beet variety is the Khavskaya zoned in the zone, the second standard is the F1 Pablo hybrid of foreign breeding. For carrots, the standards were a variety of domestic selection Rogneda and a hybrid of foreign selection F1 Abako. The best varieties of table beet in the environmental test for total yield: Lubava (51.9 t/ha) with a marketability of 92%, Bordo 237 (48.8 t/ha) with a marketability of 87.5%, Karina (46.7 t/ha) with a marketability of 84.8%. The best results of the preservation of root crops were found in the varieties Khavskaya (100%) and Gaspadynya (91.6%). In the 2019 trial, the best overall yield was the Nadezhda carrot variety (46.0 t/ha) with a marketability of 94.8% and the F1 Reef hybrid (34.8 t/ha) with a marketability of 86.2%. In the 2020 tests, the Chantenay 2461 varieties (37.2 t/ha) with a marketability of 88.7% and the Margosha variety (36.9 t/ha) with a marketability of 92.7% were distinguished by the total yield. The best preservation of root crops after the autumn-winter storage of the 2019–2020 season was shown by the following carrot varieties: Nadezhda – 91.1%, Rogneda – 87.4%, Boyarynya – 82.9%, Chernozemochka – 82.1%, among the hybrids, the best indicator was in the F1 Krasnogorye sample – 84.4%. The variability of the main studied characteristics of carrots and table beets was within acceptable limits, which indicates the stability of varietal samples and high varietal qualities of seeds.

Key words: carrots, beetroot, yield, marketability, variety, hybrid