The state and growth trends of vegetable and melon growing in Uzbekistan

The article presents the current state of the vegetable growing, melon growing and potato growing industries of Uzbekistan. The purpose of the research is to analyze the state, achievements and trends in the development of irrigated vegetable growing, melon growing and potato growing in the Republic of Uzbekistan and to determine a strategy for further increasing the production of vegetable and potato products. Vegetable growing in Uzbekistan is concentrated mainly in lowland and foothill irrigated areas, the characteristic features of the climate of which are the long frost–free period, abundance of heat and light, and pronounced continentality and aridity. The climate of the republic is characterized by a large number of days with clear, cloudless weather, not only in summer, but also in winter. This creates favorable conditions for growing seedlings and vegetables in greenhouses and greenhouses in winter and early spring, and early vegetables in the open ground. Favorable climatic conditions combined with artificial irrigation and relatively high soil fertility make it possible to grow a diverse range of vegetable crops here and obtain high yields. The gross yields of the main vegetable (by type) and melon crops are given. The available measures of state support for farmers are considered. In recent years, more than 50 types of vegetable crops have been grown in the republic. Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi, Chinese, Beijing, red cabbage, broccoli, chard, asparagus, arugula, artichoke, sweet potato, leek, sweet corn, etc. have been introduced. The varieties and hybrids of vegetable, melon crops and potatoes cultivated using innovative agrotechnology in various periods and regions of the republic are presented. The advantages of cultivating early and medium-early varieties-hybrids of crops in the conditions of the republic are given. The issues of crop protection, processing and modern seed production, and ways to solve them are discussed.

Key words: vegetables, melons, watermelons, potatoes, culrivar, hybrid, irrigation, gross harvest, breeding, primary seed production, melon cultivation