Efficiency of application of fertilizers in the cultivation of cabbage F1 Kontinent

The purpose of the research is to study the potential possibility of obtaining the maximum yield of new hybrids of cabbage when optimizing its nutrition on floodplain soils of the Moscow region. The studies were conducted to increase the productivity of a new hybrid of late cabbage F₁ Kontinent on cultivated alluvial meadow medium loamy soil of the Moscow river floodplain (Ramenskii district) in 2018–2019. The soils were characterized by a close to neutral reaction of the medium, favorable agrophysical properties, and a rather high humus content. The weather conditions of 2018–2019 were generally unfavorable for the cultivation of cabbage: long dry periods had a strong impact on the productivity of cabbage plants. The deficit of moisture was compensated by additional irrigation. The experimental design included options with estimated doses of mineral fertilizers (for yields of 80, 100 and 120 t/ha), the use of soil and plant analysis to determine the need for fertilizing, and the natural plant growth regulator Extrasol (2 l/ha) to optimize nitrogen nutrition cabbage. The cultivation of the hybrid conditions is low (N₉₀P₅₀K₁₃₅), medium (N₁₈₀P₁₀₀K₂₇₀) and high (N₃₇₀P₁₀₁K₃₆₂) mineral nutrition level, using the growth regulator Extrasol (2 l/ha) and fertilizing nitrogen-potassium fertilizers in the leaf outlet phase allowed to increase the yield of heads from 53 to 75–85 tons per hectare (by 41–61%) with the output of standard products more than 90%. The yield increase amounted to the option without fertilizers (control) due to improved plant nutrition 7–61%, payback 1 kg a.s. fertilizers with additional products in the amount of 19 to 62 kg. An increase in the content of sugars and vitamin C in products was noted with an improvement in mineral nutrition, however, an increase in doses of nitrogen fertilizers of more than 250 kg/ha a.s. as a part of a complete mineral fertilizer leads to an excess of MPC (500 mg/kg of crude mass) in nitrates and a decrease in the dry matter content in heads of cabbage. Payback of the cost of cabbage fertilizers for the best variants reached 47–62 kg of products per kg of a.s. fertilizer.

Key words: white cabbage, hybrid F₁ Kontinent, fertilizer, nutrition diagnosis, fertilization, Extrasol, yield, quality, payback.