Applied value of determination of reproductive potential and aggressiveness of fungal and pseudo-fungal pathogens of potato and tomato

Posted on 19.11.2019 by admin
УДК 635.21:632.4
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2019.71.33.005

A.N. Smirnov, E.S. Prikhodko,V.V. Vasilchenko, V.P. Khokhlov, A.A. Sukhorukov, S.A. Kuznetsov

The work purpose: determination of the reproductive potential of the pathogen of potato and tomato mushroom and pseudogenes nature to assess the effectiveness of means of protection of plants. The chosen approach allows to clarify the strength and reliability of the fungicidal effect against various pathogens. The experiments were carried out in 2013 and 2014 in the laboratory of plant protection, Russian state agrarian University – MTAA named after K. A. Timiryazev. For comparison of multiple approaches, evaluating the effectiveness of means of protection of plants, we analyzed the array data on the ability of pgpr n-fixing Klebsiella planticola to suppress early blight on potato. In recent years, this disease has become a leader on potatoes and very significant on tomato. In the field, their aggressiveness was determined by the prevalence of the disease (equivalent to frequency of infections), disease activity (degree of leaf tissue becoming necrotic, equivalent to necrosis) and the intensity of sporulation, detectable by microscopic analysis of field samples in the laboratory. The infection rate, necrosis size and sporulation intensity were determined by specially designed scales. To determine the intensity of sporulation, the studied plant tissues were kept in a moist chamber and then subjected to microscopy. The authors ranked the values of indicators of disease development and its causative agent, that is, referred to the standardized ranges (intervals) of values. The ranking assessment of diseases was based on the Weber – Fechner law. On the basis of these values, biological, sporulation and phytosanitary efficiency was calculated for all variants. Then all the obtained and calculated indicators were transferred to the ranks. Determining the presence of the fungicidal effect of treatments of rhizobacteria K. planticola, based on the calculated ranks determined the total ratings of all indicators in accordance with conservative and integral approaches. The values of the indices of development, conidia formation and aggressiveness allow us to calculate the thresholds of economic harmfulness, to build short-and long-term forecasts of the development of late blight and alternariosis on potatoes and tomato, and as a result to optimize decision-making systems (DMS) and decision support systems (DSS) to reduce environmental risks and economic costs of protective measures. It is established that the method is expedient to apply at especially important tests of various chemical means of protection of plants. In addition, the determination of the reproductive potential of potato pathogens of fungal and pseudo-fungal nature will allow to assess the phytosanitary potential of potato and tomato plantings, to clarify their breeding strategies and phytosanitary risks of subsequent epiphytoties on potatoes and tomato.

Keywords: potato, Phytophthora infestans, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium, reproductive potential, aggressiveness, phytosanitary potential, phytosanitary risk, Klebsiella planticola.

A.N. Smirnov, DSc, professor of the department of plant protection, RSAU – MAA named after K.A. Timiryazev, chief research fellow of the department of intensive agriculture, Vladimir Research Institute of Agriculture (VRIA). E-mail: smirnov@timacad.ru

E.S. Prikhodko, postgraduate student of the department of microbiology and immunology, RSAU – MAA named after K.A. Timiryazev. E-mail: eprihodko@rgau-msha.ru

V.V. Vasilchenko, postgraduate student of the department of plant protection, RSAU – MAA named after K.A. Timiryazev. E-mail: vasilcenkoviktoria16@gmail.com

V.P. Khohlov, postgraduate student of the department of plant protection, RSAU – MAA named after K.A. Timiryazev. E-mail: spirit8930@yandex.ru

A.A. Sukhorukov, master student of the department of plant protection, branch Phytopathology, RSAU – MAA named after K.A. Timiryazev. E-mail: djstalkerboy@yandex.ru

S.A. Kuznetsov, senior research fellow of the department of intensive agriculture, VRIA. E-mail: infosb@mail.ru

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  13. Prikhodko E.S., Selitskaya O.V., Smirnov A.N. Influence of fungicides and rhizobacteria Klebsiella planticola on the development of potato alternariasis pathogen. Proceedings of MSAU. 2016. Vol. 5. Pp. 68–80 (In Russ.).
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Carrots and pumpkin for snacks making

Posted on 19.11.2019 by admin
УДК 635–152:664.143
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2019.43.73.004

P.D. Osmolovskii, A.V. Kornev, N.N. Vorobeva, N.A. Piskunova, S.L. Ignatieva, L.A. Nemenushchаya

The evaluation of varieties of carrots and pumpkin has been carried out and their suitability for obtaining natural high-quality snack products with a high content of carotenoids has been established.

Keywords: carrots, pumpkin, variety, snacks, carotenoids.

P.D. Osmolovskii, postgraduate student of the department of technology for storage and processing of fruits and vegetables, Russian State Agrarian University-MTAA named after K.A. Timiryazev (RSAU – MTAA). E-mail: pavel.osmolovsku@mail.ru

A.V. Kornev, PhD, research fellow of the department of breeding and seed growing, All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – the branch of Federal Scientific Budgetary Institution Federal Scientific Centre of Vegetables (ARRIVG-branch of FSBSI FSVC). E-mail: alexandrvg@gmail.com

N.N. Vorobeva, PhD, senior research fellow, LLC Selection station named after N.N. Timofeev

N.A. Piskunova, PhD, professor of department of technology of storage and processing of fruits and vegetables, RSAU – MTAA.

S.L. Ignatieva, PhD, associate professor of department of ecology, RSAU – MTAA. E-mail: ignatevas@yandex.ru

L.A. Nemenushchaya, senior research fellow, Rosinformagrotech. E-mail: nela-21@mail.ru

  1. Savenkova T.V. Snacks are products of modern lifestyle. Business of food ingredients. 2015. No.1 (46). Pp. 42–44 (In Russ.).
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  3. Kornev A.V. Evaluation and creation of the initial material of table carrots with a diverse color of the root crop and an increased content of biologically active substances (β-carotene, lutein, lycopene and anthocyanins). Abstract of diss. Cand. Sci. (Agr.). Moscow. 2015. 31 p. (In Russ.).
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  5. Akindele Adenike Kehinde et al. Growing pumpkins in the non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation and its use for processing. Bulletin of the grower. 2011. No.5. Pp. 30–32 (In Russ.).
  6. Kornev A.V., Leunov V.I., Khovrin A.N. The variability of individual characteristics of carrot various colors of root vegetable. Vegetables of Russia. 2017. No. 4 (37). Pp. 41–44 (In Russ.).
  7. Kornev A.V., Leunov V.I., Khovrin A.N., Tsymbalaev S.R. Comparative characteristics of table carrot varieties according to the content of carotenoids and anthocyanins. Storage and processing of agricultural raw materials. 2014. No.9. Pp. 48–50 (In Russ.).
  8. Baidulova E.V., Vorobyeva N.N., Piskunova N.A. Cultivars and hybrids of pumpkin for confectionery industry. Potato and vegetables. 2009. No. 10. P. 12 (In Russ.).
  9. Akindele Adenike Kehinde et al. Obtaining condensed products from pumpkin. Food industry. 2011. No.8. Pp. 34–35 (In Russ.).
  10. Piskunova N.A., Kornev A.V., Osmolovsky P.D., Ignatieva S.L. Carrot table with a variety of colors of root crops for the manufacture of snack products. Potato and vegetables. 2018. No.6. Pp. 38–40 (In Russ.).
  11. GOST 8756.1-2017. Fruit, vegetable and mushroom processing products. Methods for determination of organoleptic characteristics, the mass fraction of component parts, weight or volume. Moscow:Standartinform. 2017. 12 p. (In Russ.).
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Growing peculiarities of a cucumber in the spring and summer greenhouse with application of biopreparations

Posted on 18.11.2019 by admin
УДК 635.044
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2019.12.65.003

R.A. Arslanova, L.P. Ionova, Zh.A. Vilkova, A.S. Babakova, M.Yu. Anishko

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of biological products Biohumus, Gumi and Albite on early-maturing cucumber hybrids grown in protected soil. In the course of the work it was found that timely fertilizing with biopreparations responsive to their introduction of hybrids, contributed to the increase in plant growth processes, from seed germination to the end of fruiting, increased yield and marketability of fruits.

Keywords: greenhouse, cucumber hybrids, biopreparations, productivity of plants, commercial fruit yield.

R.A. Arslanova, PhD, assoc. prof., head of Department of agrotechnology, engineering and agribusiness, Astrakhan State University. E-mail: rumiya-arslanova@mail.ru

L.P. Ionova, PhD, assoc. prof., professor of the Department of agrotechnology, engineering and agribusiness, Astrakhan State University. E-mail: ion-lida@yandex.ru

Zh.A. Vilkova, PhD, assoc. prof. of the Department of agrotechnology, engineering and agribusiness, Astrakhan State University. E-mail: zim-zhanna@mail.ru

A.S. Babakova, PhD, associate professor, assoc. prof. of the Department of agrotechnology, engineering and agribusiness, Astrakhan State University. E-mail: anntyanettka@mail.ru

M.Y. Anishko, PhD, assoc. prof. of the Department of agrotechnology, engineering and agribusiness, Astrakhan State University

  1. Smashevsky N.D. et al. Microelements and biopreparations in increasing the productivity of agricultural crops in the conditions of the floodplain and the Volga Delta. Astrakhan. 2014. 149 p. (In Russ.).
  2. Dospekhov B.A. Methodology of field experiment. Moscow. Agropromizdat. 1985. 351 p. (In Russ.).
  3. Arslanova R.A. Influence of biological preparations on economic and biological features of early cucumber hybrids in a film greenhouse. Diss. ... Cand. Sci. (Agr.). Astrakhan, 2009. 169 p. (In Russ.).
  4. Arslanova R.A. Influence of biologically active substances in the cultivation of early-ripening varieties of cucumber in the spring-summer greenhouse. Natural Sciences. 2009. No.2. Pp. 59–61 (In Russ.).
  5. Belik V.F. Vegetable Growing. Moscow. Kolos. 1981. 383 p. (In Russ.).
  6. Ionova L.P., Arslanova R.A. Responsiveness of early cucumber varieties to the action of biopreparations in protected soil with film shelter. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2009. No.3. Pp. 86–91 (In Russ.).
  7. Bryzgalov V. A., Sovetkina V. E., Savinova, N. I. vegetable growing of protected soil. Moscow. Kolos, 1983. 352 p. (In Russ.).
  8. Tretyakov N.N., Panichkin L.A., Kondratiev M.N. Workshop on physiology of plants. Moscow. KolosS, 2003. 640 p. (In Russ.).
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World experience in the use of aero- and hydroponic technology in the cultivation of vegetable crops

Posted on 18.11.2019 by admin
УДК 631.589.2
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2019.29.59.002

Kh.K. Faravn, T.A. Tereshonkova, V.I. Leunov, A.I. Selyanskii, I.I. Dmitrievskaya

The article provides an overview of publications on hydroponics. On the basis of the literature data, as well as the installation of Phytopyramide, it is shown that the future of hydroponics depends on research aimed at reducing the cost of production, increasing yields and product quality, reducing the cost per unit of production so that this system becomes competitive compared to production in open ground and conventional greenhouses.

Keywords: hydroponics, aeroponics, non-substrate production systems, Phytopyramid.

Khaled Faravn, postgraduate student of the Department of Vegetable growing, RSAU – MAA named after K.A. Timiryazev. E-mail: farawn@mail.ru

T.A. Tereshonkova, PhD, head of Laboratory of Immunity and breeding of Solanaceae, ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, tomato breeder of Poisk Agroholding. E-mail: tata7707@bk.ru

V.I. Leunov, DSc, professor, acting dean of agronomy and biotechnology, RSAU – MAA named after K.A. Timiryazev. E-mail: vileunov@mail.ru

A.I. Selyanskii, head of the innovative project, Phytopiramid. E-mail: fitopiramida@mail.ru

I.I. Dmitrievskaya, PhD, associate professor, head of Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Soil Science, Agrochemistry and Ecology of RSAU – MAA named after K.A. Timiryazev. E-mail: himija@rgau-msha.ru

  1. K.E. Tsiolkovsky (to the 125th anniversary of his birth): collection of articlesMoscow: Znanie, 1982. 64 p. (In Russ.)
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  5. Sonneveld C., Voogt W. Plant Nutrition of Greenhouse Crops. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009. 431 p.
  6. Selyanskii A., Lobashev E. Practical svetokultura on Fitopiramida in a light-tight spaces. Vegetable growing. 2013. No.1. Pp. 62 (In Russ.).
  7. Seaman C., Bricklebank N. Soil-free farming. Chemistry & Industry. 2011. No6. Pp. 19–21.
  8. This Tiny Country Feeds the World. National Geographiс. [Web resource]. URL: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/09/holland-agriculture-sustainable-farming/. Access date: 04.03.19.
  9. Gorbe E. & Calatayud A. Optimization of Nutrition in Soilless Systems: A Review. Advances in Botanical Research. 2010. Vol. 53. Pp. 193–245.
  10. Barak P., Smith J.D., Krueger R., Peterson A. Measurement of short-term nutrient uptake rates in cranberry by aeroponics. Plant Cell Environ. 1996. No19. Pp. 237–242.
  11. Kang J. G., Kim S. Y., Om Y. H., Kim J. K. Growth and tuberization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars in aeroponic, deep flow technique and nutrient film technique culture films. J Kor Soc Hortic Sc. 1996. No37. Pp. 24–27.
  12. Nugaliyadde, M.M., De Silva, H.D.M., Perera, R., Ariyaratna, D., Sangakkara, U.R. 2005. An aeroponic system for the production of pre-basic seed potato. Ann. Sri Lanka Dept. Agric. 7. P. 99–288.
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Production of watermelon on South of Russia: problems and prospects

Posted on 18.11.2019 by admin
УДК 635.615
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2019.65.47.001

Yu.A. Bykovskii

The article analyzes the state of commodity melon production in the Russian Federation, considers a number of problems affecting the development of the industry: deficiency of cultivated land, absence of crop rotations etc. A brief overview of the range of the main culture – watermelon – presented on the market by foreign and domestic seed companies.

Keywords: melon, watermelon, varieties, hybrids, variety type, assortment.

Yu.A. Bykovskii, DSc, professor, Poisk Agro Holding. E-mail: info@semenasad.ru.URL: www.semenasad.ru

  1. Fursa T.B. Watermelon. Cultural flora of the USSR. T. XXI, Moscow. Kolos. Pp. 164–211 (In Russ.).
  2. World and Russian market of fresh vegetables, Global Reach Consulting. 2011. Vol. 3. 218 p. (In Russ.).
  3. Lutokhin S.I. Growing of melons and their processing into sugar concentrates. Moscow. Ogiz–selkhozgiz. 1942. Pp. 2-44 (In Russ.).
  4. Bykovsky Y.A.,. Koleboshina T.G. Especially farming of gourds in the zone of risky agriculture of the Russian Federation. Proceedings of the Kuban State Agrarian University. 2016. No. 60. Pp. 123-129 (In Russ.).
  5. State register of breeding achievements approved for use. Vol. 1. Varieties of plants (official edition). Moscow. Rosinformagrotech. 2018. 504 p. (In Russ.).
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№6, 2019en

Posted on 18.11.2019 by admin

Contents

Leaders of the branch

New hybrids for professionals. V.V. Ognev P. 2

Science and business: we’ll go by one way. T.S. Romanov P. 3

Information and analysis

The latest achievements in the greenhouses industry. K.K. Pavlov P. 4

Masters of the branch

One step ahead. I.S. Butov P. 6

Vegetable growing

Production of watermelon on South of Russia: problems and prospects. Yu.A. Bykovskii P. 8

World experience in the use of aero- and hydroponic technology in the cultivation of vegetable crops. Kh.K. Faravn, T.A. Tereshonkova, V.I. Leunov, A.I. Selyanskii, I.I. Dmitrievskaya P. 10

Growing peculiarities of a cucumber in the spring and summer greenhouse with application of biopreparations. R.A. Arslanova, L.P. Ionova, Zh.A. Vilkova, A.S. Babakova, M.Yu. Anishko P. 14

Carrots and pumpkin for snacks making. P.D. Osmolovskii, A.V. Kornev, N.N. Vorobeva, N.A. Piskunova, S.L. Ignatieva, L.A. Nemenushchаya P. 16

Applied value of determination of reproductive potential and aggressiveness of fungal and pseudo- fungal pathogens of potato and tomato. A.N. Smirnov, E.S. Prikhodko, V.V. Vasilchenko, V.P. Khokhlov, A.A. Sukhorukov, S.A. Kuznetsov P. 18

Mechanization

New machinery for potato growing. N.N. Kolchin, A.G. Ponomarev, V.N. Zernov P. 26

Potato growing

Improvement of potato cultivation technology in the precision farming system. A.I. Belenkov, E.V. Berezovskii, S.V. Zhelezova P. 30

Breeding and seed growing

Perspective selection of eggplant for the South of Russiа. N.V. Geraskina, V.V. Ognev P. 35

Plant breeding for disease resistance is a base of plant protection in organic farming. S.G. Monakhos, A.V. Voronina, A.V. Baidina, O.N. Zubko P. 38

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Selection and evaluation of the initial material in potato breeding for processing

Posted on 15.11.2019 by admin
УДК 635.21:631.52
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2019.34.88.011

A.S. Gaizatulin, A.V. Mityushkin, A.A. Zhuravlev, A.V. Mityushkin, S.S. Salyukov, S.V. Ovechkin, E.A. Simakov

The results of the evaluation of potato variety samples potentially suitable for processing into potato products on a complex of economically useful features are presented and parental forms for inclusion in various combinations of crossing are identified. Assessed in hybrid populations by crossing parental forms with different degrees of suitability for processing into potato products. The frequency of genotypes occurrence among hybrids of the 1st generation of tubers suitable for processing by the color of crispy potato slices and the content of reducing sugars in tubers in the dynamics of winter-spring cold storage (t=2-3 °C) was analyzed. It is established that the efficiency of selection of suitable hybrids that do not require conditioning depends on the genotype of parental forms and the direction of their use as components of crossing.

Keywords: potato, breeding, hybrid populations, processing, color of crispy slices, reducing sugars.

A.S. Gaizatulin, junior research fellow

A.V. Mityushkin, PhD, head of laboratory

A.A. Zhuravlev, PhD, senior research fellow

A.V. Mityushkin, PhD, senior research fellow

S.S. Salyukov, research fellow

S.V. Ovechkin, research fellow

E.A. Simakov, DSc, head of department of experimental gene pool of potatoes. Lorch Potato Research Institute

E-mail: vniikh@mail.ru

  1. Simakov E.A., Anisimov B.V., Starovoitov V.I. potato Processing is a strategic way of development of potato growing in Russia. Moscow. VNIIKH 2006. P. 5 (In Russ.).
  2. Burton W.G. The Potato. Third Edition, London: Longman Group UK Limited, 1989. 246 p.
  3. Haverkort A. J., Van Loon C. D., Van Eijck P. On the road to Potato Processing. The Netherlands. NIVAA: Plantijn Casparie. 2002. 24 p.
  4. Ross H. Potato breeding: problems and prospects. Moscow. VO Agropromizdat. 1989. 183 p. (In Russ.).
  5. Yashina I.M., Yurieva N.O. Genetic basis of potato selection for suitability for processing. Breeding and seed production. 1992. No.1. Pp. 11–15 (In Russ.).
  6. E.A. Simakov, I.M. Yashina, O.V. Babaytseva, A.A. Sharandin. Methodological aspects of potato breeding for suitability for processing. Potato growing issues. Actual problems of science and practice. VNIIKH. Moscow. 2006. Pp. 20–30 (In Russ.).
  7. Yashina I.M., Morozova N.N., Babaytseva O.V. Breeding and evaluation of potato source material for selection of varieties suitable for processing into chips. Proceedings of jubilee conf. Minsk. 2003. Vol. I. Pp. 100–108 (In Russ.).
  8. Simakov E.A., Sklyarova N.P., Yashina I.M. Methodical instructions on technology of selection process. Moscow. VNIIKH. 2006. 65 p. (In Russ.).
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New heterotic tomato hybrid

Posted on 15.11.2019 by admin
УДК 635.64:631.527
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2019.46.22.010

R.Kh. Bekov, S.V. Maximov

The initial material for breeding of a new hybrid of tomato F1 Zaur with brown colour of fruits, with high taste and keeping quality is presented. The heterotic hybrid is intended for growing in plastic greenhouses of farms and household farms of Russia. Its characteristic is given, including in comparison with the standard, hybrid F1 Intuition.

Keywords: tomato, hybrid F1, fruit, colour, keeping quality.

R.Kh. Bekov, DSc, chief research fellow of department of breeding and seed growing, All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – the branch FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center E-mail: vniioh@yandex.ru

S.V. Maksimov, PhD, director general of Centr-Ogorodnik Ltd E-mail: info@semenasad.ru. Website: www.semenasad.ru

  1. Bekov R.Kh., Tarasenkov I.I. The use of signal signs of tomato (seeds, fruit and stalk) to improve the efficiency of the breeding process. Abstracts of the scientific and theoretical conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of B.V. Kvasnikov. Moscow, 1998. C. 85–86 (In Russ.).
  2. Bekov R.Kh., Tarasenkov I.I. Promising tomato varieties with signal signs. Potatoes and vegetables. 1999. No. 6. Pp. 27.
  3. Bekov R. Kh., Kostenko A.N. Study and selection of tomato source material with signal signs for its use in heterotic breeding for protected soil. Vegetable growing. Problems. Prospects. In collection of papers. of VNIIO. Vol. 2. Moscow. 2002. Pp. 27–33 (In Russ.).
  4. Bekov R.Kh., Kostenko A.N., Tarasenkov I.I. The use of marker mutant seeds (bs-brown seed) in heterotic breeding of tomato for greenhouses. Breeding, seed production and biotechnology of vegetable and melon crops. In collection of papers of VNIIO. Moscow, 2003. Pp. 58–62 (In Russ.).
  5. Bekov R.Kh., Kostenko A.N. The use of marker mutants of tomato seeds (genes bs, bs-2) to create heterotic hybrids. Theses of the international scientific and practical conference on solanaceous crops. Astrakhan, 2003. 58 p. (In Russ.).
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Hybrids carrots for commercial production

Posted on 15.11.2019 by admin
УДК 635.132:631.526.32
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2019.21.24.009

A.N. Khovrin, M.A. Kosenko, A.V. Kornev, L.M. Sokolova

There are presented materials on carrots hybrids of domestic breeding that meet modern requirements of commodity production and are competitive with foreign analogues: F1 Altair, F1 Beibi and others. Hybrid F1 Beibi in 2017-2018 passed production tests in the largest vegetable-growing commodity economy of CJSC Kulikovo (Dmitrovo district of the Moscow region) on the area of 10 ha and showed high result on productivity and marketability.

Keywords: carrots, commercial production, F1 Altair, F1 Beibi.

 

A.N. Khovrin, PhD, associate professor, chief research fellow, head of department of breeding and seed growing of ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, head of department of breeding and primary seed production of Poisk Agro Holding. E-mail: hovrin@poiskseeds.ru

M.A. Kosenko, PhD, senior research fellow, department of breeding and seed production, ARRIVG-branch of FSBSI FSVC. E-mail: m.a.kosenko@yandex.ru

A.V. Kornev, PhD, research fellow, department of breeding and seed production, ARRIVG-branch of FSBSI FSVC

L.M. Sokolova, PhD, senior research fellow, department of breeding and seed production, ARRIVG-branch of FSBSI FSVC

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Ludmila is a new sort winter-annul garlic to the selection Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable growing

Posted on 14.11.2019 by admin
УДК 635.262:631.526.32
https://doi.org/10.25630/PAV.2019.59.84.008

T.M. Seredin, A.F. Agafonov, V.V. Shumilina, E.V. Baranova, A.V. Soldatenko

The results of the work of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of onion crops of the Federal State Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Centre of Vegetable Growing on winter garlic are presented. Winter-hardy, winter-garlic variety, resistant to diseases and pest is selected and bred. In 2017, under No. 78, it was given for testing to the State Commission on Cultivars; in 2019, it was introduced to the State Register of the Russian Federation as a Lyudmila variety. The breeding of winter garlic cultivar Lyudmila was started in 2014. A collection nursery was laid (100 samples from various ecological-geographical zones). In 2017, the prospective model No. 78 was allocated, with high winter hardiness, long-term storage, resistance to diseases and pests. The purpose of the research: the selection from the winter collection of garlic nursery most productive, winter-hardy, resistant to diseases and pests varietal samples adapted to growing conditions. Garlic gloves were planted in the first decade of October, on the ridges (three line) 30–35 plants / m2, with a planting rate of 900 kg/ha. The standard was taken zoned winter garlic variety Odintsovsky Yubileiny. Leaves of the new cultivar are located on a plant with an average density, long, medium width, slightly concave, with an average degree of expression of a wax bloom. The spear is long, without bending. Bulb large, rounded flat. The length of the growing season is 98 days, the total yield for three years is 21.1 t/ha, and the commodity yield is 20.5 t/ha. The average mass of the commodity bulb is 72 g. The number of the cloves is 5-7, the mass of one clove is 12 g. Winter hardiness is 97%. The taste is spicy. The new cultivar of winter garlic Lyudmila refers to the early growing, mid-season forms suitable for mechanized harvesting. The overall yield of the new variety is on average 7% higher than that of the standard variety Odintsovsky Yubileiny, and the product is also 6% higher than the latter.

Keywords: winter garlic, cultivar, breeding, yield, sustainability.

T.M. Seredin, PhD, senior research fellow, laboratory,s associative of selection and seed farming onions cultures, FSBSI «Federal Scientific Centre of Vegetable Growing». E-mail: timofey-seredin@rambler.ru

A.F. Agafonov, PhD, leading research fellow, laboratory of selection and seed farming onions cultures, FSBSI «Federal Scientific Centre of Vegetable Growing».

V.V. Shumilina, PhD, research fellow of department of vegetable cultures, FSBSI «All-Russian Institute of Genetic Resources after N.I. Vavilov»

E.V. Baranova, PhD, research fellow of laboratory of selection and seed farming onions cultures, FSBSI «Federal Scientific Centre of Vegetable Growing»

A.V. Soldatenko, DSc, chief researcher of analytical center, director, FSBSI «Federal Scientific Centre of Vegetable Growing»

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